What Makes A Monster Essay - 1461 Words

What defines a monster? Is it their grotesque, unnatural appearance that separates them from the rest of mankind, or is it their lack of remorse and compassion that makes them different? The word monster conjures up figures from gothic horror of exotic peoples with horrifyingly exaggerated features, and the kinds of impossible delusive beasts inhabiting the pages of medieval bestiaries. Well at first I thought exactly that. When I used to hear the word â€Å"monster†, my mind immediately pictured the petrifying beast that took residence under my bed for a substantial portion of my childhood. It had demonic beating red eyes, razor sharp teeth that glistened with fresh blood and amphibian like scales covering every inch of its enormous body. However, as I got older, I started to realize that there was no such thing as monsters and that it was all just a figment of my imagination. Accordingly, the fear of the monster under my bed slowly dissipated. Nevertheless, it wasn’t until after reading a quote by my favorite author, Steven King, that I was finally able to fully comprehend what the true definition of the word â€Å"monster† really was. â€Å"Monsters are real, ghosts are real too. They live inside us, and sometimes they win†. It had taken me awhile to truly grasp what King had meant, but then it clicked. Everyone has a monster inside them, dormant or not. That monster is the voice we hear in the back of our heads, urging us to cheat or to steal, and in some instances, worse. That monsterShow MoreRelatedWhat Makes a Monster Essay620 Words   |  3 PagesWhat Makes a Monster? Monsters are often thought of as green, abnormally large and scary. They are believed to hide in dark shadows and forgotten street corners. Monsters have a bad reputation and the very nature of the term monster is not smiled upon. I believe these thoughts are generic and relics of a much safer past. In our morally bankrupt society monsters exist in the realist scariest form. As we step into adulthood and take our heads out of the comic books that shows us the danger of theRead MoreA Monster Can Be Hard To Define. Describing A Monster Can1332 Words   |  6 PagesA monster can be hard to define. Describing a monster can be easier than defining one. The term ’monster’ is broad and vague and as a result, it is easier to describe a monster rather than to define one. Tina Boyer says: â€Å"A monster is a cultural construct. By definition, it is a thing that shows or reflects cultural fears and forbidden obsessions, social and moral problems that express themselves in the b ody and behavior of the monstrous creature (Boyer 240).† What makes a monster scary differsRead MoreThe Most Monstrous Being In Mary Shelleys Novel, Frankenstein1465 Words   |  6 Pagesword dabbled to describe the way Frankenstein looks for body parts in graves. These could have been from people who had families or other loved ones, but Frankenstein treats them as pieces of meat, materials for his experiment, and this makes the reader disgusted at Frankenstein. This is the first sign that Frankenstein is immoral. Despite this, might be forgiven as his judgement is affected by his desire to create rather than destroy life. Although this could shock a modernRead More Frankenstein Version by Kenneth Branagh Essay780 Words   |  4 PagesKenneth Branagh In 1931 Hollywood made a simplified version of Frankenstein and stereotyped the monster to be evil with bolts in his neck and a big, green square head. In the 1960s an English company called Hammer Horror revitalised Frankenstein movies and Christopher Lee made the monster look more like a man. All of the Frankenstein movies before Kenneth Branaghs version had made the monster evil. In Kenneth Branaghs version of the story he filmed the entire book and tried to stick closelyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book St. Lucy s Home For Girls Raised By Wolves1215 Words   |  5 PagesKanye West said it best, â€Å"Everybody knows I’m a M*f**ing monster† and honestly, as humans we are. In Seven Monster Theses, Jeffery Cohen develops an idea that â€Å"monsters† are essential to society. In fact, they construct what is â€Å"normal†, â€Å"rational†, and â€Å"civilized†. Specifically, â€Å"monsters† are foundational to how we view ourselves. â€Å"Monsters† contain all the traits deemed unacceptable and odd. It can be concluded that every outlier is a â€Å"monster†. In St. Lucy’s Home for Girls Raised by Wolves, KarenRead MoreAlexandra Giambruno. Mrs.Schroder. English Iv Honors. 231030 Words   |  5 Pagesto create what the story is. The story of Frankenstein has mysterious aspects that help the main character Victor create the monster. In a gothic novel, there are a ton of abstract thoughts that can be in play pertaining to the type of story that the author creates. Power and Constraint is one point that plays a lot in the novel itself, it all started with the main creator. Victor Frankenstein had the idea to create a monster; he collected body parts and used modern technologies to make an unnaturalRead MoreEssay about Sympathy in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein986 Words   |  4 PagesShelleys Frankenstein Frankenstein for many people is a huge fiendish monster, a brainless oaf with a couple of neck bolts, who is a horrible murderer. This image has been created by Boris Karloff and other television/film images. I also thought like that, believing Frankenstein to be a monstrous murderer, so when I was met with the text I was surprised to find as a mad scientist who creates a monster. This changed my opinion greatly at first. As the central charactersRead MoreMonster Culture By Jeffery Cohen1202 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"Monster Culture†, Jeffery Cohen develops an idea that â€Å"monsters† are essential to society. In fact, they construct what is â€Å"normal†, â€Å"rational†, and â€Å"civilized†. Specifically, â€Å"monsters† are foundational to how we view ourselves. â€Å"Monsters† contain all the traits deemed unacceptable and odd. It can be concluded that every outlier is a â€Å"monster†. In St. Lucy’s Home for Girls Raised by Wolves, Karen Russell tells the story of a pack of wolf girls who are transitioning into young ladies. RussellRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book A Good Story 1361 Words   |  6 Pagescharacter will always keep a reader following along. In this particular instance its the monsters that makes the play. When it comes to the topic of monsters, most of us will readily agree that they are bad. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of what makes a monster. Although some are convinced that a monster is defined by being ugly, disfigured and unlikable, others maintain that a monster can be an everyday person who is lacking specific moral attributes. According to theRead MoreUnderstanding Mythological Monsters Essay1669 Words   |  7 PagesMonsters are towering, fierce beings best known for causing nightmares and battling heroes. Tales are told of their devastating power, but also of their agonizing defeats. Monsters are symbols of the inherent evil of human nature and of the dark truths of the natural world. Monsters are also challenges, tasks a hero must complete. Sometimes monsters are the ultimate measure of a hero’s worth, other times just another step in a hero’s journey. In the book Bulfinch’s Mythology, Thomas Bulfinch writes

The Ozone Behavior and Variability of Thickness Free Essays

string(46) " Pole in Figure 7 and South Pole in Figure 2\." The Ozone Behavior and Variability of Thickness Introduction The ozone O3has good and bad effects on the Earth. For illustration the stratosphere, where most of the ozone is located, absorbs harmful UV beams. Because the ozone plays such an of import function on human life and the ecosystem, it is of import to invariably endeavor to larn more about the ozone and record and analyze informations. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ozone Behavior and Variability of Thickness or any similar topic only for you Order Now Harmonizing to Shaw, while both O and ozone together absorb 95 to 99.9 % of the sun’s UV radiation, merely ozone efficaciously absorbs the most energetic UV visible radiation, known as UV-C and UV-B, which causes biological harm ( Shaw, 2014, p. 3 ) . When UVC is absorbed by free O groups in the stratosphere, they break apart into two O atoms, and so they combine with O2molecules to organize stratospheric ozone Oxygen3, shown by the undermentioned reactions: Oxygen2+hvi O + O O + O2+ M i O3+ M wherehvis ultraviolet radiation and M is an inert molecule that enhances the reaction of O with O2. The ozone is created, destroyed and created once more in rhythms, of course. While there are legion reactions of how the ozone is destroyed of course, anthropogenetic substances/processes are increasing the devastation the ozone. Examples of anthropogenetic substances/processes would be CFC’s such as infrigidation, air conditioning and aerosol propellents. Halons ; man-made chemicals that can be used to snuff out fires. Burning of fossil fuels. If the ozone continues to be destroyed faster than the natural procedure of being created, less and less of the harmful UV visible radiation will be absorbed in the stratosphere and will finally do it to the Earth’s surface. The UV radiation to the surface would ensue in effects to the worlds and the ecosystems such as the addition of skin malignant neoplastic disease instances, development of cataracts, lessening in photosynthetic productiveness, an addition in vaporization rates and lessening in precipitation. To protect the ozone’s hereafter from anthropogenetic substances the Montreal Protocol, adopted in 1987, with extra understandings, required states to diminish the sum of atmospheric concentrations of CFCs. With these understandings, concentrations chlorine began to diminish in 1995 ( Sahw, 2014, p. 6 ) . Analyzing the information recorded about the ozone thickness provides grounds on whether the ozone is consuming or non, penetration on the effects of anthropogenetic substance/processes and aid in the formation of theories, such as the ozone repairing itself. This assignment will supply a general apprehension of the tendency of longitudinal sets -60/-55, -40/-35, -10/-5, 15-20, 30/35 and 50/55 for the old ages of 1997 – 2005. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data was provided for this assignment by Professor Shaw. Harmonizing to the hand-out provided the information was collected by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer ( TOMS ) for the old ages of 1997 – 2005. The TOMS instrument provides scientists with a planetary position of the stratospheric ozone bed in existent clip with measurings for the full universe every 24 hours ( Shaw, 2014, p. 6-7 ) . The provided information was manipulated in an excel spreadsheet to concentrate on latitudinal sets -60/-55, -40/-35, -10/-5, 15/20, 30/35, 50/55. The given informations was so manipulated and graphs created utilizing excel to be better represented and more easy understood. Each latitudinal set of involvement was individually graphed over the eight twelvemonth span to compare by the months of January, April, July and October. Then the one-year mean for each latitudinal set of involvement was calculated ( non including the months with zero readings ) and put into a graph demoing the tend ency of the entire ozone thickness over the eight twelvemonth span. More specific inside informations may be found in the lab instructions titledThe Chemistry of the Ozone Layer( Shaw, 2014, p. 8 ) . Additionally, a press release by Mindy Shaw and the text edition,Global Environment: Water, Air and Geochemical Cycles, were available with information sing the behaviour of the stratigraphic ozone. After reading the stuff sing the stratigraphic ozone the graphs were interpreted and hypothesis’ formed. Consequence Figure 1: The one-year mean ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal sets -60/-55, -40/-35, -10/-5, 15-20, 30/35, 50-55 for the old ages of 1997 – 2005. The ozone thickness is measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) . The one-year mean calculated does non include the nothing ( 0 ) records.img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1250577.001.png"/ Figure 2: The monthly tendency of the ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set -60/-55 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1250577.002.png"/ Figure 3: The monthly tendency of the ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set -40/-35 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1250577.003.png"/ Figure 4: The monthly tendency of the ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set -10/-5 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1250577.004.png"/ Figure 5: The monthly tendency of the ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set 15/20 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1250577.005.png"/ Figure 6: The monthly tendency of the ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set 30/35 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1250577.006.png"/ Figure 7: The monthly tendency of the ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set 50/55 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1250577.007.png"/ Discussion Harmonizing the Figures 2 – 7, the variableness in the tendencies of the latitudinal sets gets larger the further off from the equator they are. Vice versa the closer to the equator the less variableness there is, as seen in Figures 4 and 5. This correlativity is due to the Earth’s joust. As the Earth jousts towards the Sun the Earth receives more sunlight and consequences in longer yearss. This addition in sunlight additions the sum of high-energy solar atoms striking the ambiance which consequences in an addition in coevals of ozone. The information besides shows a tendency of a thicker ozone bed near the poles during the spring seasons for the single poles respectfully ( Figure 2 and Figure 7 ) . The North Pole spring season begins around March while the South Pole spring season begins around September. A upper limit of thickness is shown for the North Pole in Figure 7 and South Pole in Figure 2. You read "The Ozone Behavior and Variability of Thickness" in category "Essay examples" This addition in thickness during the spring season could perchance be due to the accretion of ozone transported from the Torrid Zones during the autumn and winter seasons. The twelvemonth to twelvemonth informations shows that surprisingly the ozone thickness is bit by bit increasing over clip ( Figure 1 ) . In fact, out of the latitudinal sets of involvement, the latitudinal set -10/-5 was the lone one to diminish in thickness over the eight twelvemonth span. This information entirely ( including merely the old ages of involvement from 1997 – 2005 ) does non back up the theory that the ozone is being depleted quicker than it is being of course created ; nevertheless, the correlativity of the alteration should be noted as due to the lessening of anthropogenetic substance by the Montreal Protocol, adopted in 1987, and other extra understandings that decreased the atmospheric concentrations of CFCs. This proves an opposite relationship that a lessening in anthropogenetic substance consequences in an addition in ozone thickness. Decision Because the ozone plays such an of import function to human life and the ecosystem, it is of import to understand the behaviour and variableness of its thickness. Knowing the ozone’s behaviour allows us to protect our hereafter and cognize to diminish the usage of anthropogenetic substances/processes. By analysing informations over old ages, scientist can foretell whether or non the ozone is being depleted faster than it is of course being created or if it is repairing itself. Harmonizing to the informations the ozone fluctuates in thickness globally due to latitudinal place, seasonal alterations and the increase/decrease of anthropogenetic substances. While latitudinal place and seasons is a natural procedures in assisting with creative activity and devastation rhythm of the ozone, the sum anthropogenetic substances is something that can be controlled. The information proves that a lessening in anthropogenetic substance consequences in an addition in ozone thickness. Appendix: Appendix 1: The monthly norm and one-year mean ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set -60/-55 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. The ozone thickness is measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) . The one-year mean calculated does non include the nothing ( 0 ) records. Monthly Average and Annual Mean Ozone Thickness For the Latitudinal Band -60 / -55 Thickness measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean 1997 309.5 297.8 292.4 294.9 292.9 297.2 301.7 314.6 323.6 326.8 323 309.3 307 1998 304.5 295.4 289.1 290.2 299.3 318.7 323.1 317.9 316.3 334.9 332 310.9 311 1999 301.5 292.8 288.8 290.6 299.9 309.8 316.3 314 325.5 333.6 329.8 306.5 309 2000 297.2 293.9 291.6 291.4 291.3 295.2 296.5 295.7 321.7 344.5 337.3 322.1 307 2001 307.8 297.9 295.1 296 305.6 315.8 315.4 310 321 328.8 330 309.2 311 2002 301.6 292 294.7 291.8 299.5 313.5 327.5 338.8 351.5 367.9 343 325.2 321 2003 313.3 304.2 295.2 293.9 297 299.1 303.6 299 315.3 344.1 342.2 321.1 311 2004 307.3 299.6 295.7 302.1 301.1 308.2 310.6 321.4 334.9 344 329.4 313.7 314 2005 308.8 295.1 287.4 287.9 290.5 299.6 303 317.4 329.5 342.9 338.6 0 309 Appendix 2: The monthly norm and one-year mean ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set -40/-35 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. The ozone thickness is measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) . The one-year mean calculated does non include the nothing ( 0 ) records. Monthly Average and Annual Mean Ozone Thickness For the Latitudinal Band -40 / -35 Thickness measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean 1997 270.3 269.2 267.3 266.2 271.6 280.5 290.1 305.6 319 317.3 302.9 285.8 287 1998 277.4 272.8 271.8 273.8 284.3 300.8 316.3 323 335.8 329.9 312.8 295.6 300 1999 271.5 268.9 267.8 268.3 272.9 286 302.8 318.8 327.4 327 311.6 286.6 292 2000 274.5 268.7 265.2 268 277.9 296.1 312.2 330.2 336.4 331.1 309.6 286.6 296 2001 278.9 271 268.2 269.9 279.6 301.1 319.3 326 335.4 332.1 317.8 297.6 300 2002 284.3 279.8 274.5 276.4 282.5 296 311.3 326.6 330 330.8 311.3 297.7 300 2003 284.3 279.5 273.9 272.6 276.4 296 314.8 331.4 339.5 334.8 316.6 292.9 301 2004 280.4 273.8 270.5 263.5 270.8 279.9 294.5 312 324 319.6 305.7 285.7 290 2005 275.7 272.1 271 271.2 281.7 303.8 319.7 335.2 340.7 335.6 309.8 0 302 Appendix 3: The monthly norm and one-year mean ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set -10/-5 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. The ozone thickness is measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) . The one-year mean calculated does non include the nothing ( 0 ) records. Monthly Average and Annual Mean Ozone Thickness For the Latitudinal Band -10 / -5 Thickness measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean 1997 254 257 260.5 260.3 255.4 256.8 258.7 259.5 265.5 266.8 259.7 247.9 259 1998 242.2 245.9 248.7 249.1 249.6 250.1 256.6 264.9 272.9 273.7 269.4 267.3 258 1999 260.9 262 260.6 262.2 262.1 261.3 264.5 267.5 273.1 272.7 265.3 258.2 264 2000 257.7 258.4 260.7 261.1 259.7 258.5 258.2 263.6 269 264.2 258.5 253.5 260 2001 253.1 249.5 251.8 252.6 248.8 247.5 250.8 257.4 269.5 273.3 272.8 270.1 258 2002 269 271.4 269.6 267.2 261.5 258.9 258.5 263.9 268.3 268.8 264 254.6 265 2003 252.1 253.5 255.7 255.4 254.1 255.9 257.4 262.9 268.9 264.3 260 258.5 258 2004 254 258.9 261 262.7 261.4 260.6 264.5 267.6 273.3 267.3 261.9 256.6 262 2005 253.2 253.2 252.4 251.6 251.1 252.7 256 259.8 264.2 264.5 257.8 0 256 Appendix 4: The monthly norm and one-year mean ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set 15/20 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. The ozone thickness is measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) . The one-year mean calculated does non include the nothing ( 0 ) records. Monthly Average and Annual Mean Ozone Thickness For the Latitudinal Band 15 / 20 Thickness measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean 1997 236.5 239.8 253.2 267.7 271.9 273.2 276.8 272.7 268.1 263 254 247.7 260 1998 243.8 250.5 262.4 276.3 281 281.6 282.3 280.5 276.1 265 249.4 244.2 266 1999 240 243 255.1 272.2 280.9 282.8 282.2 281 277.9 269.3 259.7 254.7 267 2000 256.3 262.9 270.8 283.4 285.7 283.6 281.5 280.2 275.7 264 253.9 247.8 270 2001 251.1 253.4 267.9 283.8 285.3 283.6 282.9 281.3 274.7 264.2 252.3 241.4 268 2002 241.4 248.6 259.1 275.3 282.5 284.5 282 278.9 273.4 265.2 256.9 245.4 266 2003 244 252.4 270.2 284.1 289.8 289.4 287.2 284.4 277.8 263 248.3 241.8 269 2004 236.7 242.5 257.4 271.1 280.6 286 285.3 281.9 277 266.8 258.9 253.4 266 2005 254.9 260.2 268.2 277.4 283 279.4 279.3 276.1 272.9 263.1 248.8 0 269 Appendix 5: The monthly norm and one-year mean ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set 30/35 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. The ozone thickness is measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) . The one-year mean calculated does non include the nothing ( 0 ) records. Monthly Average and Annual Mean Ozone Thickness For the Latitudinal Band 30 / 35 Thickness measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean 1997 279.5 286.7 300.3 306.9 303 299.4 291.6 283.8 279.2 278.7 277 282.5 289 1998 291.7 303.7 319.4 325.6 324.6 310.3 297.6 293.3 283.6 272.7 262.1 263.3 296 1999 270.1 281 290.8 305.2 311 303.2 297.7 293 284.4 274.7 274.1 277.3 289 2000 292.5 297.2 310.3 315 311.4 301.1 296.4 291.9 282.5 270 262.3 270.4 292 2001 285.8 292.8 309.3 320.9 317.6 304.2 297.7 292.9 280.6 272.9 266.9 266.9 292 2002 270.9 277.1 296.9 314.6 316.1 309.3 299.8 292.8 283.6 274.8 271.5 281 291 2003 290.5 309.1 317.9 323.4 321.8 311.3 300.7 294.9 283.9 271.3 264 267.4 296 2004 273.1 283.1 295 312.7 316.9 308.5 301.6 293.2 283.8 276.5 269.7 279.2 291 2005 297.6 308.9 314.2 320.3 320.2 308.1 296.9 290.9 280.8 268 261.2 0 297 Table 6: The monthly norm and one-year mean ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set 50/55 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. The ozone thickness is measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) . The one-year mean calculated does non include the nothing ( 0 ) records. Monthly Average and Annual Mean Ozone Thickness For the Latitudinal Band 50 / 55 Thickness measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean 1997 364.4 383.4 384.9 371.4 359.2 348.3 330 312 302.7 298.7 308.8 342 342 1998 380 397.9 407.4 401.2 381.4 364.2 339.6 320.6 308.6 304.6 329.5 342.1 356 1999 365.3 387.8 413.6 391 372.9 354.7 330.8 314.9 305.6 306.7 312.2 341.4 350 2000 359.8 383.6 387 377 369.8 348.1 327.4 309 301.2 304.5 323.2 362.1 346 2001 377.5 405.3 407.3 395.9 373.6 356.3 332.4 315.6 307.5 310 309.5 343.2 353 2002 361 371.6 397.2 389 375.9 356.2 331.3 316.2 303.7 308.4 318.9 355 349 2003 378 398.4 409.5 401.8 381.2 357.7 340.1 322 307 301.4 318.3 334.8 354 2004 367.2 386.1 399.5 393.7 373.6 354.3 333.4 320.4 304.7 297 304.8 329.9 347 2005 350.2 374.5 390.5 382.6 370.2 351.7 332.7 315.3 301.7 296.6 How to cite The Ozone Behavior and Variability of Thickness, Essay examples

The 1930s The Good Times And The Bad Times Essay Example For Students

The 1930s: The Good Times And The Bad Times Essay The 1930s: The Good Times and The Bad TimesThe decade of the 1930s can be characterized in two parts: The Great Depression, and the restoration of the American economy. America had been completely destroyed due to the Stock Market Crash of 1929. It was up to the government and people of the 1930s to mend Americas wounds. One man stood up to this challenge, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. He promised to fix the American economy, provide jobs, and help the needy. During The Great Depression, the crime rate had risen to an all new high. J. Edgar Hoover helped to create the Federal Bureau of Investigation. As America was restored, culture grew quickly. Dance clubs, new music styles, glamour girls, movies and sports were all popular forms of entertainment in the 1930s. From January 1st, 1930 to December 31st 1939, American was in a process of healing its economic wounds. The stock market panic preceded an economic depression that not only spread over the United States but in the early 1930s became worldwide. In the United States, despite the optimistic statements of President Herbert Hoover (president during the crash) and his secretary of the treasury, Andrew W. Mellon, that business was fundamentally sound and that a new era of prosperity was just about to begin, many factories closed, unemployment steadily increased, banks failed in growing numbers, and the prices of commodities steadily fell. The administration began to take steps to combat the crisis. Among the measures taken were the granting of emergency appropriations for farm relief and public works, modification of the rules of the Federal Reserve System to make it easier for people in business and farming to obtain credit, and the establishment of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC), with assets of $2 billion, to make emergency loans to industries, railroads, insurance co!mpanies, and banks. Nevertheless, the economic depression steadily worsened during the remainder of the Hoover administration. Hoovers plans were not working well. By 1932 hundreds of banks had failed, hundreds of mills and factories had closed, mortgages on farms and houses were being foreclosed in large numbers, and more than 10 million workers were unemployed. The presidential campaign of 1932, in which the Democratic candidate was Franklin D. Roosevelt, was waged on the issues of Prohibition and the economic crisis. The Democratic platform called for outright repeal of the 18th Amendment and promised a new deal in economic and social matters to bring about recovery from the depression. The Republicans did not call for outright repeal of the amendment. In regard to the depression, they warned against the danger to business and the national finances if the social and economic philosophies of the Democrats were substituted for the sound and conservative ideas of the Hoover!administration. The Democrats won an overwhelming success in the election, carrying all but six states. Almost immediately after taking office, Roosevelt called on Congress to convene and began what would be known as the Hundred Days, which lasted until June 16, 1933. On March 6 Roosevelt called a nationwide bank holiday, and on March 9 Congress passed the Emergency Banking Act, which provided for federal bank inspections. In the summer of 1933, the Glass-Steagle Act set much more stringent rules for banks and provided insurance for depositors through the newly formed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). These acts helped to restore popular confidence in the wake of widespread bank failures. Two acts, one in 1933 and one in 1934, mandated detailed regulations for the securities market, enforced by the new Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Several bills provided mortgage relief for farmers and homeowners and offered loan guarantees for home purchasers through the Federal Housing Administration, or FHA. The Federal Emergency Relief Administration which was headed !by Har ry Hopkins, a social worker appointed by Roosevelt, expanded existing relief grants to the states and resulted in assistance for more than 20 million people. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) provided work relief for thousands of young men under a type of military discipline. The CCC emphasized reforestation, among other projects. Congress established the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) to develop the Tennessee River in the interest of navigation and flood control and to provide electric power to a wide area of the southeastern United States. The most important legislation of 1933 involved the major economic sectors. As a climax to a decade of wrangling, Congress in 1933 enacted a complex new farm bill, the Agricultural Adjustment Act. It provided several mechanisms to help raise agricultural prices, but the one most extensively used provided for government payments to farmers who destroyed or did not grow surplus crops. At a time when economic hardship was leaving people in other areas in need of food, the act invited criticism. The Agricultural Adjustment Act was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1936. The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) was the most innovative early New Deal measure. It provided for two major recovery programs?a vastly expanded public works effort, carried out by the Public Works Administration, and a complex program to regulate American business and ensure fair competition. The National Recovery Administration approved and enforced a set of competi!tive cod es for each industry to help ensure fair competition in each. B 1935, several Roosevelt advisers welcomed massive new federal expenditures to induce more private demand, even at the price of budget deficits. A huge relief appropriation of almost $5 billion reinvigorated several programs and funded a new federalized work relief program administered by the Works Progress Administration (WPA). Perhaps of greatest enduring significance, Congress in 1935 enacted the Social Security Act, which contained three major programs?a retirement fund, unemployment insurance, and welfare grants for local distribution (including aid for dependent children). These programs, coupled with a new subsidized public housing program, began what some now refer to as a welfare state. Social security was developed in the United States later than in many European countries, which had developed social security programs before World War I. In 1937, after a resounding victory in the 1936 election, Ro!osevelt sough t to increase support for his ideas on the Supreme Court. He proposed legislation that would add more judges to the Supreme Court, but Congress rejected this court-packing attempt. The pressures for new legislation abated after 1937, and opposition to extending the New Deal mounted rapidly, especially in the South. By 1939 public attention focused increasingly on foreign policy and national defense. The New Deal was over, but it had permanently expanded the role of the federal government, particularly in economic regulation, resource development, and income maintenance. Due to the hard life brought on by The Great Depression, the crime rate in America rose greatly. The government needed a stronger law enforcement agency to control some of the worst criminals America ever faced. The Department of Justice decided to restructure the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The FBI originated in 1908 as the Bureau (later the Division) of Investigation of the Justice Department. Following a reor ganization in 1924, J. Edgar Hoover became the first director, and the bureaus present policies were defined. The bureau acquired its present name in 1935. FBI jurisdiction extends to more than 180 matters, including bank robbery, extortion, racketeering, kidnapping, antitrust violations, and, since 1982, drug enforcement activities. The FBI investigates infringement of civil rights committed in violation of federal law. During the times of prohibition, bootlegging became one of the more popular crimes, and gave instant cash to members of the mob, such as Al C!apone. Capone was the major source of alcohol in Chicago during the 1930s, specializing in bathtub gin. Convicted of income tax evasion in 1931 and sentenced to 11 years in prison, he was released on parole in 1939. Crippled by syphilis, he spent the rest of his life in his Miami Beach, Florida, mansion. Another of the 30s most famous criminals were Bonnie and Clyde. For two years Bonnie and Clyde worked their way across the s outhwestern United States, holding up gas stations, restaurants and banks. They killed 12 people, mostly law enforcement officials. Because of his ruthlessness, Clyde earned the title public enemy number one of the Southwest. Frank Hamer, a former Texas Ranger, trailed Bonnie and Clyde across nine states before he was able to stage a deadly ambush outside Arcadia, Louisiana, in May 1934. Hamer and five other lawmen shot and killed Bonnie and Clyde as they drove through the ambush. Bonnie and Clyde were buried in separate cemeteries in Dallas, Texas.!The immense crackdown on crime in this decade ushered in a new era of good feelings, knowing that J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI were protecting them from the scum of the times. For A Genuine Empiricist The Phrase God Exists Is Meaningless EssayWith the craze over such celebrities, chic clubs opened up to the elite and wealthy. These clubs and parties were usually hosted by one rich philanthropist in the local area. The most popular hostess in New York was Elsa Maxwell. Maxwell knew literally everybody, and always threw the best parties. Members of the Astor, Vanderbilt, Whitney and Rockefeller families were found at many of these clubs. The elite members of these clubs usually met to socialize, and make casual business acquaintances. The average American however, had clubs of their own. These clubs were usually large dance halls, featuring Jazz, Blues, Swing, and Big Band groups. Swing was the biggest dance craze of the 30s, which featured wild, shaky movements. Art of the 30s was not much like the art of the 20s or the art of the 40s. It depicted people doing average, everyday functions. Though there were many painters during the 30s, not many grew to any major success. Picassos Guernica was painted in 1937, but not recognized until the late 50s. Instead, one of the most popular art figures in American history was created in June of 1938. Together, Jerry Siegle and Joel Schuster created an American Legend, Superman. Superman stood for everything that is good, and morale in American society. He fought off anything corrupting America, from bootlegging gansters, to giant aliens. Later, in 1939, Bob Kane created Batman. Instead of the bright, and hopeful tone of Superman, Batman fought off the scum of society. From the petty thieves, to bank robbers, to mass murderers. Batman took on a much more dark and dreary look than Superman, but both comics were instant successes among young boys. Perhaps the most popular athlete of the 1930s was boxer Joe Louis. Louis won his first professional contest by a knockout in 1934. He won the professional heavyweight championship of the world in June 1937, defeating the American boxer James Jack Braddock by a knockout. During his professional boxing career, Louis compiled 68 victories and three defeats. His 68 victories included 54 by knockout and 14 by decision, while his three losses included two by knockout and one by decision. Louiss first loss came in 1936, to the former world champion, the German boxer Max Schmeling. The Nazis equated Schmelings victory over Louis to a validation of Nazi superiority over democracy. The two boxers fought again in a 1938 rematch. Louis won the bout in one round, and Americans celebrated the victory of democracy. After the second Schmeling fight, Louis became a hero for the World War II war effort, gave inspirational speeches, and helped with recruiting. The end of the 1930s was signaled in by 19 39s Worlds Fair. The New York Worlds Fair of 1939-40 cost $155 million. The buildings and exhibits, based on the theme of the World of Tomorrow, were erected in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, in New York City. The site consisted of swamplands and garbage dumps that had been drained and landscaped to serve as exposition grounds. Two structures, the trylon and perisphere (a triangular needle skyscraper set beside a huge sphere), were erected as architectural symbols. The perisphere enclosed a large model of a future city. More than 57 million persons attended the fair during its two seasons. Many companies gained their fame at the Worlds Fair. General Electric, Warner Brothers, Maytag and more all showed off their new products, quickly ushering back in the mass consumerism that controls America. All in all, the 1930s was both a dark time, and a great time in Americas history. Americans dragged themselves through The Great Depression with the aid of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The rise of the FBI helped to keep crime at an all time low. Radio, film, dancing, and sports all grew to be popular American pastimes. American fell into the worst situation it has ever been in, and single handilyPulled themselves up from their boot straps.